This is a joke mod, primarily. But it's still totally functional gameplay-wise, if you can get over the obvious absurdity of flinging vegetables at enemies.

Have an excess of cabbages in your inventory that you don't know what to do with? Transform them into potent missiles! From standard cabbages, to ones of various elements, there's something that's bound to be useful for getting out of tough situations with a single throw. In addition to (relatively minor) damage, these volatile vegetables can stagger or even knock back the target, and deal addition effects depending on the specific type. 
What makes the cabbages in this mod distinct from others of its kind is that most of them can be picked up off the ground and reused immediately after the initial throw, allowing you to get more use out of them than with normal "explosive" type weapons. 


-Throwable Cabbage: Just a standard cabbage. Does a small amount of damage to both Health and Stamina, as well as staggering larger targets and knocking back smaller ones. Has a subtle bounce when it hits the ground. 
-Incendiary Cabbage: A cabbage, but on fire. In addition to dealing the expected Fire damage, it is the most "explosive" of the lot, having a larger damage radius than any others. Very forceful impact when hitting the ground.
-Frozen Cabbage: Deals Frost damage and slows the target, but also packs more staggering/knockback power due to its increased hardness. Has a sizable impact. 
-Rotten Cabbage: Poisons the target, dealing damage over time as well as lowering armor rating and health/stamina regeneration for a time. Like the standard cabbage, has a more subtle bounce upon reaching the ground, but this one leaves a splat of green goo.
-Clockwork Cabbage: Deals shock damage on impact, and then pops out a mechanical cabbage pet to assist the player until it dies. The only one of the cabbages that cannot be retrieved after use, although you can salvage its carcass for a raw cabbage, some dwemer scrap and possibly Void Salts; all which can be used to created more Clockwork Cabbages. 

The cabbages are all craftable at the Cooking Pot, using raw cabbage items as the primary ingredient, and with additional ingredients needed depending on type. 

Compatibility

The cabbages all use vanilla texture paths for their appearances, so while I haven't tested every single texture replacer out there, they should look OK with most of them. Potentially a mod that remaps the texture UVs due to making changes to the vanilla cabbage mesh will look strange, but probably nothing game-breaking. 
This mod should be compatible with basically everything else. 

Bugs/Issues

-Throwing the cabbages at interior walls will sometimes cause them to phase through and enter the void beyond. If this happens, just consider it a minor loss of a single cabbage. I'm not really sure how to go about fixing that since it seems to be an issue with either the game's collision or how the game places objects triggered via an Explosion form. In the same way, throwing the Clockwork Cabbage at a vertical surface far from the ground may cause the "minion" to not spawn, and instead just produce the lightning explosion. 
-The Frozen Cabbage sticks for a bit on the ground before "bouncing" back up. Again, not really sure what the cause is, considering the collision data in that mesh is the same as all of the other cabbage nifs. It may be how I configured the impact explosion, but I have yet to properly figure it out.

Credits

Overknee's Throwing Something provided some inspiration and also helped me figure out how to make the objects spawn correctly.